Main Page Brief Guide to Doing SPICE Hands-On Lessons Using WGC
## Table of Contents
       Brief Guide to Doing SPICE Hands-On Lessons Using WGC
          Overview
             WGC and WGC Tutorial URLs
          ``CASSINI Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Time Conversion (convtm)
             Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit
             Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta)
             Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform)
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit
             Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts)
             Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit
             Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint)
          ``ExoMars 2016 Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Time Conversion (convtm)
             Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit
             Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta)
             Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform)
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit
             Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts)
             Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit
             Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint)
          ``KPLO Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Time Conversion (convtm)
             Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit
             Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta)
             Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform)
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit
             Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts)
             Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit
             Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint)
          ``BepiColombo MPO Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Time Conversion (convtm)
             Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit
             Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta)
             Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform)
             Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit
             Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts)
             Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit
             Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint)
          ``CASSINI In-situ Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Step-1: ``UTC to ET''
             Step-2: ``SCLK to ET''
             Step-3: ``Spacecraft State''
             Step-4: ``Sun Direction''
             Step-5: ``Sub-Spacecraft Point''
             Step-6: ``Spacecraft Velocity''
          ``BepiColombo MPO In-situ Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Step-1: ``UTC to ET''
             Step-2: ``SCLK to ET''
             Step-3: ``Spacecraft State''
             Step-4: ``Sun Direction''
             Step-5: ``Sub-Spacecraft Point''
             Step-6: ``Spacecraft Velocity''
          ``Mars Express Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Find View Periods
             Find Times when Target is Visible
             Extra Credit
          ``ExoMars-16 TGO Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Find View Periods
             Find Times when Target is Visible
             Extra Credit
          ``KPLO Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Find View Periods
             Find Times when Target is Visible
             Extra Credit
          ``BepiColombo MPO Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Kernels Used
             Find View Periods
             Find Times when Target is Visible
             Extra Credit
          ``Binary PCK'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC
             Moon rotation (mrotat)
             Earth rotation (erotat)
Top # Brief Guide to Doing SPICE Hands-On Lessons Using WGC March 01, 2023 Top ## Overview This guide provides brief instructions on how to do SPICE ``Remote Sensing'' (CASSINI, ExoMars 2016, KPLO, and BepiColombo MPO), ``In-situ Sensing'' (CASSINI and BepiColombo MPO), ``Geometric Event Finding'' (Mars Express, ExoMars 2016, KPLO, and BepiColombo MPO), and ``Binary PCK'' hands-on lessons using the SPICE WebGeocalc (WGC) tool. Instructions for each lesson are provided in a separate section below. They follow the lesson steps and individual assignments within each step, indicate which WGC computation panels (``calculations'') should be used and what inputs should be entered or selected in these calculations, and what key outputs should be expected from WGC. Where applicable, they indicate that a particular quantity computed in the lesson cannot be computed by WGC. Top ### WGC and WGC Tutorial URLs WGC servers at NAIF can be accessed at:
       https://wgc.jpl.nasa.gov:8443/webgeocalc/#NewCalculation
       https://wgc2.jpl.nasa.gov:8443/webgeocalc/#NewCalculation
WGC server at ESAC can be accessed at:
       http://spice.esac.esa.int/webgeocalc/#NewCalculation
Project-specific WGC servers (e.g. for KPLO) can be accessed at the URLs provided during the class. The WGC tutorial and examples are linked from the WGC introduction page on the NAIF server:
       https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/webgeocalc.html
Top ## ``CASSINI Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - CASSINI Remote Sensing Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Time Conversion (convtm) To compute ET seconds past J2000, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       140254384.184620
To compute calendar ET in the default format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2004-06-11 19:33:04.184625 TDB
To compute calendar ET in a custom format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Custom format             YYYY-MON-DDTHR:MN:SC ::TDB
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2004-JUN-11T19:33:04
To compute spacecraft clock time, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-82)
WGC will return the following SCLK time string:
       1/1465674964.105
Top ### Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute TDB Julian Date, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Julian Date
WGC will return the following TDB time string:
       2453168.314631800 JD TDB
5. To compute the earliest UTC time that can be converted to CASSINI spacecraft clock, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-82)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock ticks
       Input time                0.0
       Output time system        UTC
       Output time format        Calendar (year-month-day)
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       1980-01-01 00:00:00.000000 UTC
6. To convert the spacecraft clock time obtained in the regular task back to UTC Time and present it in ISO calendar date format, with a resolution of milliseconds, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-82)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                1/1465674964.105
       Output time system        UTC
       Custom format             YYYY-MM-DDTHR:MN:SC.### ::RND
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       2004-06-11T19:31:59.999
Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta) To compute the apparent state of Phoebe as seen from CASSINI in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -119.92092897
       2194.13933986
       -57.63897986
       -5.98023114
       -2.11880531
       -0.29482213
To compute the apparent position of Earth as seen from CASSINI in the J2000 frame and one way light time between CASSINI and the apparent position of Earth, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    EARTH
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km, and one way light time, s:
       353019393.12261910
       -1328180352.14030500
       -568134171.69730540
       4960.42691203
To compute the apparent position of Sun as seen from Phoebe in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  PHOEBE
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       376551465.27159620
       -1190495630.30282120
       -508438699.11000470
Note that WGC will also compute the distance between Sun and Phoebe body centers, km:
       1348176829.09957000
but it cannot convert this distance to AUs. Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit 5. To compute the position of the Sun as seen from Saturn in the J2000 using the following light time and aberration corrections: NONE, LT and LT+S, manually load a JUP310 Jovian satellite ephemeris SPK from the generic kernels area and specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation (except for corrections):
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  SATURN
       Reference frame           J2000
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
and these corrections for NONE (the geometric position), LT (the reception light time only corrected position), and LT+S (the apparent position):
       Light propagation         No correction

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
WGC will return the following position vectors, km, correspondingly:
       367770592.36738380
       -1197330367.35880470
       -510369088.67673343

       367770572.92069393
       -1197330417.73307600
       -510369109.50883270

       367726456.16774523
       -1197342627.87914750
       -510372252.74684080
Unload the JUP310 Jovian satellite ephemeris SPK before proceeding to the next step. Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform) To compute the apparent state of Phoebe as seen from CASSINI in the IAU_PHOEBE body-fixed frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -1982.63976162
       -934.53047112
       -166.56259513
       3.97083213
       -3.81249566
       -2.37166299
To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of Earth and the CASSINI high gain antenna (HGA) boresight, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  EARTH
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                CASSINI
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Z axis in CASSINI_HGA frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         No
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       71.92414848
Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit 2. To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of Sun and the CASSINI HGA nominal boresight to find out if HGA is illuminated, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  SUN
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                CASSINI
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Z axis in CASSINI_HGA frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         No
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       73.12975129
This angle is less than 90 degrees so the HGA is illuminated. Top ### Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts) To compute the apparent sub-observer point of CASSINI on Phoebe modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_PHOEBE frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       104.49789074
       45.26884577
       7.38331473
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       2084.11604205
To compute the apparent sub-observer point of CASSINI on Phoebe in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       95.37257468
       40.94817689
       6.60990270
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       2094.24215979
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Phoebe modeled as an ellipsoid as seen from CASSINI in the IAU_PHOEBE frame , specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       78.68071625
       76.87865160
       -21.88456729
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Phoebe as seen from CASSINI in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       79.11113709
       77.33831624
       -22.02817575
Top ### Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Phoebe as seen from CASSINI in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using the ``Intercept: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            Intercept: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       74.54229300
       79.60686277
       -24.87078454
2. To compute the geometric sub-observer point of CASSINI on Phoebe in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       104.49708353
       45.27041148
       7.38409174
3. To compute the planetocentric coordinates of the geometric sub-observer point of CASSINI on Phoebe in the IAU_PHOEBE frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following latitude and longitude, deg, and radius, km:
       3.70986500
       23.42331102
       114.12088079
WGC does not allow computing planetodetic and planetographic coordinates on bodies that are tri-axial ellipsoids with different equatorial radii. Choosing the planetographic coordinates for output will result in the following error message:
       Reference frame center is not a spheroid. Planetodetic and
       planetographic coordinate representations can only be
       calculated for bodies with equal equatorial axes. The center
       body of the reference frame, PHOEBE, has equatorial axes
       that differ, 115.0 and 110.0. Use planetocentric coordinates
       instead.
Top ### Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint) To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Phoebe modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_PHOEBE frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       91.02635667
       67.19017758
       2.03016242

       89.99095003
       66.72560204
       14.73282379

       80.96314734
       76.64306316
       14.42662102

       81.99683969
       77.10572511
       1.69850758
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Phoebe modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_PHOEBE frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       36.43251123
       1.02800787

       36.55583078
       7.49186596

       43.42988023
       7.37325329

       43.23917363
       0.86454948
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Phoebe modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_PHOEBE frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       86.39001297
       72.08919557
       8.25459687
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Phoebe modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_PHOEBE frame and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       39.84371945
       4.19587780
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       18.24722120
       17.85830930
       28.13948173
and the following local solar time:
       11:31:50
To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Phoebe in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       78.76953031
       61.56990460
       0.96393463

       76.58597747
       60.57892774
       13.65732587

       68.67722558
       71.10033236
       13.44360714

       73.18644320
       73.13094296
       0.93419040
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Phoebe in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       38.01282665
       0.55240127

       38.34372978
       7.96186655

       45.99314861
       7.74452041

       44.97826691
       0.51732714
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Phoebe in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       74.32619282
       66.60211698
       7.24732469
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Phoebe in the IAU_PHOEBE frame using a DSK shape model and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Ray vector                CASSINI_ISS_NAC boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       41.86284040
       4.15340347
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       33.19950064
       9.22984680
       28.13948113
and the following local solar time:
       11:39:55
Top ## ``ExoMars 2016 Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - ExoMars 2016 Remote Sensing Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Time Conversion (convtm) To compute ET seconds past J2000, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       582017589.184640
To compute calendar ET in the default format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Calendar (year-month-day)
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2018-06-11 19:33:09.184642
To compute calendar ET in a custom format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Custom format             YYYY-MON-DDTHR:MN:SC ::TDB
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2018-JUN-11T19:33:09
To compute spacecraft clock time, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-143)
       Output time format        Spacecraft clock string
WGC will return the following SCLK time string:
       1/0070841719.26698
Top ### Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute TDB Julian Date, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 jun 11 19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Julian Date
WGC will return the following TDB time string:
       2458281.314689600 JD TDB
5. To compute the earliest UTC time that can be converted to ExoMars-16 TGO spacecraft clock, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-143)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock ticks
       Input time                0.0
       Output time system        UTC
       Output time format        Calendar (year-month-day)
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       2016-03-13 21:34:13.193650 UTC
6. To convert the spacecraft clock time obtained in the regular task back to UTC Time and present it in ISO calendar date format, with a resolution of milliseconds, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-143)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                1/0070841719.26698
       Output time system        UTC
       Custom format             YYYY-MM-DDTHR:MN:SC.### ::RND
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       2018-06-11T19:32:00.000
Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta) To compute the apparent state of Mars as seen from TGO in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MARS
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       2911.82242547
       -2033.80245966
       -1291.70085522
       1.30950490
       -0.05597018
       3.10432898
To compute the apparent position of Earth as seen from TGO in the J2000 frame and one way light time between TGO and the apparent position of Earth, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    EARTH
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km, and one way light time, s:
       -49609884.08045448
       57070665.86178913
       30304236.92973865
To compute the apparent position of Sun as seen from Mars in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MARS
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       -24712734.28893231
       194560532.94319060
       89906636.78934350
Note that WGC will also compute the distance between Sun and Mars body centers, km:
       215749214.49206870
but it cannot convert this distance to AUs. Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit 4. To compute the position of the Sun as seen from Mars in the J2000 using the following light time and aberration corrections: NONE, LT and LT+S, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation (except for corrections):
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MARS
       Reference frame           J2000
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
and these corrections for NONE (the geometric position), LT (the reception light time only corrected position), and LT+S (the apparent position):
       Light propagation         No correction

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
WGC will return the following position vectors, km, correspondingly:
       -24730875.20069792
       194558449.55971023
       89906170.85450794

       -24730866.48857886
       194558445.24649155
       89906168.75352160

       -24712734.28893231
       194560532.94319060
       89906636.78934350
Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform) To compute the apparent state of Mars as seen from TGO in the IAU_MARS body-fixed frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MARS
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -2843.46412456
       2235.45954373
       1095.89496870
       0.31144328
       -1.15192925
       3.08212262
To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of Mars and the TGO nominal instrument view direction, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  MARS
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Y axis in TGO_SPACECRAFT frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         Yes
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       5.43847143
Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit 2. To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of Sun and the TGO nominal instrument view direction to find out if the science deck illuminated, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  SUN
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Y axis in TGO_SPACECRAFT frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         Yes
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       130.54279733
This angle is greater than 90 degrees so the science deck is not illuminated. Top ### Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts) To compute the apparent sub-observer point of TGO on Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using the ``Near point: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       2554.16465516
       -2008.01038262
       -983.24042077
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       385.04529279
To compute the apparent sub-observer point of TGO on Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       2554.22331603
       -2008.05650034
       -983.26327153
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       384.96725758
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Mars as seen from TGO in the IAU_MARS frame using the ``Near point: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       487.58869797
       -3348.61049793
       -286.69722014
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Mars as seen from TGO in the IAU_MARS frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       488.09583992
       -3352.09336966
       -286.99895399
Top ### Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Mars as seen from TGO in the IAU_MARS frame using the ``Intercept: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Sub-point type            Intercept: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       487.54669671
       -3348.32205372
       -290.07721511
2. To compute the apparent sub-observer point of TGO on Phobos in the IAU_PHOBOS frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOBOS
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOBOS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       12.05913904
       4.17308831
       -0.67546616
3. To compute the planetocentric coordinates of the apparent sub-observer point of TGO on Phobos in the IAU_PHOBOS frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOBOS
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOBOS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following latitude and longitude, deg, and radius, km:
       -3.03000878
       19.08827715
       12.77864449
WGC does not allow computing planetodetic and planetographic coordinates on bodies that are tri-axial ellipsoids with different equatorial radii. Choosing the planetographic coordinates for output will result in the following error message:
       Reference frame center is not a spheroid. Planetodetic and
       planetographic coordinate representations can only be
       calculated for bodies with equal equatorial axes. The center
       body of the reference frame, PHOBOS, has equatorial axes
       that differ, 13.0 and 11.4. Use planetocentric coordinates
       instead.
Top ### Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint) To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Mars modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MARS frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       2535.00445179
       -2028.52838809
       -990.59432639

       2525.05593461
       -2042.07461651
       -988.19646467

       2525.20138167
       -2042.10358036
       -987.76992477

       2535.14886773
       -2028.55774855
       -990.16957287
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Mars modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MARS frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       -38.66704048
       -16.96728341

       -38.96331703
       -16.92492977

       -38.96210076
       -16.91739679

       -38.66585276
       -16.95978024
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Mars modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MARS frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       2530.12229730
       -2035.30663798
       -989.18816471
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Mars modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MARS frame and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       -38.81424755
       -16.94244506
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       43.72871855
       6.08637448
       49.45727680
and the following local solar time:
       14:51:36
To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       2535.27825807
       -2028.71207603
       -990.68783903

       2525.35917194
       -2042.25880287
       -988.29907684

       2525.50638508
       -2042.28889640
       -987.87359025

       2535.42250373
       -2028.74138215
       -990.26344789
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       -38.66655257
       -16.96717476

       -38.96247962
       -16.92485905

       -38.96125942
       -16.91733365

       -38.66536612
       -16.95967901
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       2530.47105768
       -2035.52942714
       -989.30698550
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using a DSK shape model and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Ray vector                TGO_NOMAD_LNO_NAD boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2018 JUN 11 19:32:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       -38.81345348
       -16.94234008
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       44.38719437
       5.46181871
       49.45727689
and the following local solar time:
       14:51:36
Top ## ``KPLO Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - KPLO Remote Sensing Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Time Conversion (convtm) To compute ET seconds past J2000, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       662822439.183960
To compute calendar ET in the default format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Calendar (year-month-day)
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2021-01-02 01:20:39.183959 TDB
To compute calendar ET in a custom format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Output time system        TDB
       Custom format             YYYY-MON-DDTHR:MN:SC ::TDB
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2021-JAN-02T01:20:39
To compute spacecraft clock time, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Output time system        Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-155)
       Output time format        Spacecraft clock string
WGC will return the following SCLK time string:
       1/1095:4530960
Top ### Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute TDB Julian Date, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Julian Date
WGC will return the following TDB time string:
       2459216.556009100 JD TDB
5. To compute the earliest UTC time that can be converted to KPLO spacecraft clock, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-155)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock ticks
       Input time                0.0
       Output time system        UTC
       Output time format        Calendar (year-month-day)
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       2000-01-01 12:00:00.000000 UTC
6. To convert the spacecraft clock time obtained in the regular task back to UTC Time and present it in ISO calendar date format, with a resolution of milliseconds, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-155)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                1/1095:4530960
       Output time system        UTC
       Custom format             YYYY-MM-DDTHR:MN:SC.### ::RND
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       2021-01-02T01:19:30.000
Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta) To compute the apparent state of Moon as seen from KPLO in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MOON
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -1644.52619495
       403.44030666
       -659.48288212
       -0.68365295
       -0.53710111
       1.40358849
To compute the apparent position of Earth as seen from KPLO in the J2000 frame and one way light time between KPLO and the apparent position of Earth, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    EARTH
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km, and one way light time, s:
       274796.47231277
       -229775.66219176
       -132406.96430545
To compute the apparent position of Sun as seen from Moon in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MOON
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       29767887.20725118
       -132448141.93447962
       -57447546.63910401
Note that WGC will also compute the distance between Sun and Moon body centers, km:
       147407116.60408977
but it cannot convert this distance to AUs. Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit 4. To compute the position of the Sun as seen from Moon in the J2000 using the following light time and aberration corrections: NONE, LT and LT+S, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation (except for corrections):
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MOON
       Reference frame           J2000
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       State representation      Rectangular
and these corrections for NONE (the geometric position), LT (the reception light time only corrected position), and LT+S (the apparent position):
       Light propagation         No correction

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
WGC will return the following position vectors, km, correspondingly:
       29782863.55498986
       -132445301.95992541
       -57446341.26913592

       29782869.37259879
       -132445297.37780900
       -57446339.48277447

       29767887.20725118
       -132448141.93447962
       -57447546.63910401
Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform) To compute the apparent state of Moon as seen from KPLO in the MOON_ME body-fixed frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MOON
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -1371.82545359
       -948.54151590
       -721.46522871
       -0.54249964
       -0.35188864
       1.51918815
To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of Moon and the KPLO nominal instrument view direction, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  MOON
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Z axis in KPLO_SPACECRAFT frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         No
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       29.98967834
Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit 2. To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of Sun and the KPLO nominal instrument view direction to find out if the science deck illuminated, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  SUN
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Z axis in KPLO_SPACECRAFT frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         No
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       133.58682151
This angle is greater than 90 degrees so the science deck is not illuminated. Top ### Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts) To compute the apparent sub-observer point of KPLO on Moon in the MOON_ME frame using the ``Near point: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1311.59999155
       906.89881368
       689.78167845
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       79.93809991
To compute the apparent sub-observer point of KPLO on Moon in the MOON_ME frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1310.56131465
       906.18062554
       689.23543792
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       81.31384578
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Moon as seen from KPLO in the MOON_ME frame using the ``Near point: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1333.60421904
       -1113.43170986
       -18.12110449
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Moon as seen from KPLO in the MOON_ME frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1332.31355108
       -1112.35412588
       -18.10356680
Top ### Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute the apparent sub-solar point on Moon as seen from KPLO in the MOON_ME frame using the ``Intercept: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            Intercept: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1333.60421904
       -1113.43170986
       -18.12110449
2. To compute the geometric sub-observer point of KPLO on Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       -3128.42290664
       -249.60832325
       -1290.34782992
3. To compute the planetocentric coordinates of the apparent sub-observer point of KPLO on Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following planetocentric longitude and latitude, deg, and radius, km:
       -173.59883389
       -22.35046430
       3393.27735444
To compute the planetographic coordinates of the apparent sub-observer point of KPLO on Mars in the IAU_MARS frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MARS
       Reference frame           IAU_MARS
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Planetographic
WGC will return the following planetographic longitude and latitude, deg, and radius, km:
       173.59883389
       -22.58938265
       3393.27735444
Top ### Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint) To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Moon modeled as an ellipsoid in the MOON_ME frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       1330.39103977
       884.38754332
       682.99129900

       1325.50103256
       881.18320405
       696.50695157

       1317.31188523
       893.66760811
       696.13674177

       1321.96554453
       896.72462104
       683.26481915
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Moon modeled as an ellipsoid in the MOON_ME frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       33.61427482
       23.14822282

       33.61566370
       23.63385243

       34.15306470
       23.62052663

       34.15009526
       23.15803308
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Moon modeled as an ellipsoid in the MOON_ME frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1323.70921165
       889.16480649
       689.73808789
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Moon modeled as an ellipsoid in the MOON_ME frame and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       33.89013253
       23.39041849
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       75.36348395
       15.71930997
       90.97449383
and the following local solar time:
       16:54:59
To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Moon in the MOON_ME frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       1330.03476491
       883.83684875
       682.66101343

       1324.62670338
       879.91370704
       696.03612460

       1315.94194737
       892.28962201
       695.50031146

       1321.20632985
       895.93628065
       682.68377376
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of Moon in the MOON_ME frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       33.60489695
       23.14600512

       33.59501327
       23.63854822

       34.13968615
       23.62650516

       34.14197605
       23.15430060
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Moon in the MOON_ME frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1322.78357023
       888.02386624
       689.12826986
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of Moon in the MOON_ME frame using a DSK shape model and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Ray vector                KPLO_POLCAM-R boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2021 JAN 02 01:19:30
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       33.87463406
       23.39034854
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       79.62243678
       12.44723587
       90.97449322
and the following local solar time:
       16:54:55
Top ## ``BepiColombo MPO Remote Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - BepiColombo MPO Remote Sensing Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Time Conversion (convtm) To compute ET seconds past J2000, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       852386745.184030
To compute calendar ET in the default format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Calendar (year-month-day)
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2027-01-05 02:05:45.184031 TDB
To compute calendar ET in a custom format, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Output time system        TDB
       Custom format             YYYY-MON-DDTHR:MN:SC ::TDB
WGC will return the following calendar ET time string:
       2027-JAN-05T02:05:45
To compute spacecraft clock time, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Output time system        Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Output time format        Spacecraft clock string
WGC will return the following SCLK time string:
       1/0863834674:28127
Top ### Time Conversion -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute TDB Julian Date, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Julian Date
WGC will return the following TDB time string:
       2461410.5873285187 JD TDB
5. To compute the earliest UTC time that can be converted to BepiColombo MPO spacecraft clock, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock ticks
       Input time                0.0
       Output time system        UTC
       Output time format        Calendar (year-month-day)
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       1999-08-22 00:00:05.204000 UTC
6. To convert the spacecraft clock time obtained in the regular task back to UTC Time and present it in ISO calendar date format, with a resolution of milliseconds, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                1/0863834674:28127
       Output time system        UTC
       Custom format             YYYY-MM-DDTHR:MN:SC.### ::RND
WGC will return the following UTC time string:
       2027-01-05T02:04:36.000
Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions (getsta) To compute the apparent state of MERCURY as seen from MPO in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MERCURY
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -683.20708781
       -1438.94585601
       -2427.81935629
       0.03613279
       2.35990408
       -1.78341780
To compute the apparent position of Earth as seen from MPO in the J2000 frame and one way light time between MPO and the apparent position of Earth, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    EARTH
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km, and one way light time, s:
       -59257854.69091041
       185201786.21846142
       88178321.17891033

       712.19341196
To compute the apparent position of Sun as seen from Mercury in the J2000 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MERCURY
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       -23429947.23907467
       54297427.57199317
       31434173.46824882
Note that WGC will also compute the distance between Sun and MERCURY body centers, km:
       66972235.51736662
but it cannot convert this distance to AUs. Top ### Obtaining Target States and Positions -- Selected Extra Credit 2. To compute the geometric position of Jupiter as seen from Mercury in the J2000 frame, manually load a JUP365 Jovian satellite ephemeris SPK from the generic kernels area and specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    JUPITER
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MERCURY
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       -623644094.41838810
       532767093.11246020
       251130102.03451324
3. To compute the position of the Sun as seen from Mercury in the J2000 frame using the following light time and aberration corrections: NONE, LT and LT+S, with the JUP365 Jovian satellite ephemeris SPK still loaded, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation (except for corrections):
       Target type               Object
       Target                    SUN
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MERCURY
       Reference frame           J2000
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       State representation      Rectangular
and these corrections for NONE (the geometric position), LT (the reception light time only corrected position), and LT+S (the apparent position):
       Light propagation         No correction

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian

       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
WGC will return the following position vectors, km, correspondingly:
       -23438490.40236970
       54294213.48461554
       31433347.02463599

       -23438492.54961504
       54294212.27207869
       31433346.55007268

       -23430052.90345647
       54297381.15594409
       31434164.77541952
Unload the JUP365 Jovian satellite ephemeris SPK before proceeding to the next step. Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames (xform) To compute the apparent state of MERCURY as seen from MPO in the IAU_MERCURY body-fixed frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MERCURY
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -2354.69762022
       -762.54754931
       -1518.40846958
       1.20858923
       0.39425920
       -2.67112542
To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of MERCURY and the MPO nominal instrument view direction, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  MERCURY
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Z axis in MPO_SPACECRAFT frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         No
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       0.00897766
Top ### Spacecraft Orientation and Reference Frames -- Selected Extra Credit 2. To compute the angular separation between the apparent position of Sun and the MPO nominal instrument view direction to find out if the science deck illuminated, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Angular Separation'' calculation:
       Specification type        Two directions
       Direction type 1          Position
       Target 1                  SUN
       Target shape 1            Point
       Observer 1                BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Light propagation 1       To observer
       Light-time algorithm 1    Newtonian
       Stellar aberration 1      Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector 1         No
       Direction type 2          Vector
       Ray vector 2              Z axis in MPO_SPACECRAFT frame
       Correction type 2         None
       Use anti-vector 2         No
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
WGC will return the following output separation angle, deg:
       135.39275877
This angle is greater than 90 degrees so the science deck is not illuminated. Top ### Computing Sub-s/c and Sub-solar Points on an Ellipsoid and a DSK (subpts) To compute the apparent sub-observer point of MPO on MERCURY in the IAU_MERCURY frame using the ``Near point: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1978.72631908
       640.79260145
       1275.61063011
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       463.63403747
To compute the apparent sub-observer point of MPO on MERCURY in the IAU_MERCURY frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1979.55761722
       641.06180756
       1276.14754350
Note that WCG will compute the altitude but it will be labeled ``Observer Distance (km)'' in the output table and will have the following distance, km:
       462.60838580
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on MERCURY as seen from MPO in the IAU_MERCURY frame using the ``Near point: ellipsoid'' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1526.83084694
       1903.93597088
       -1.43551256
To compute the apparent sub-solar point on MERCURY as seen from MPO in the IAU_MERCURY frame using a DSK shape model and the nadir point method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1525.67256731
       1902.49161289
       -1.43442153
Top ### Computing Sub-spacecraft and Sub-solar Points -- Selected Extra Credit 1. To compute the apparent sub-solar point on MERCURY as seen from MPO in the IAU_MERCURY frame using the ``Intercept: ellipsoid'' method, manually load a JUP365 Jovian satellite ephemeris SPK that will be needed for subsequent ``Extra Credit steps'' from the generic kernels area and specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            Intercept: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1526.82756104
       1903.93860405
       -1.43802202
2. To compute the geometric sub-observer point of MPO on Europa in the IAU_EUROPA frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    EUROPA
       Reference frame           IAU_EUROPA
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       -753.48359857
       -1366.70324298
       -24.29565536
3. To compute the planetocentric coordinates of the apparent sub-observer point of MPO on Europa in the IAU_EUROPA frame using the 'Near point: ellipsoid' method, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    EUROPA
       Reference frame           IAU_EUROPA
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following latitude and longitude, deg, and radius, km:
       -0.89189109
       -118.86859441
       1560.83489408
WGC does not allow computing planetodetic and planetographic coordinates on bodies that are tri-axial ellipsoids with different equatorial radii. Choosing the planetographic coordinates for output will result in the following error message:
       Reference frame center is not a spheroid. Planetodetic and
       planetographic coordinate representations can only be
       calculated for bodies with equal equatorial axes. The center
       body of the reference frame, EUROPA, has equatorial axes
       that differ, 1562.6 and 1560.3. Use planetocentric coordinates
       instead.
Unload the JUP365 Jovian satellite ephemeris SPK before proceeding to the next step. Top ### Intersecting Vectors with an Ellipsoid and a DSK (fovint) To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of MERCURY modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MERCURY frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       1973.71676409
       645.43602637
       1281.00907254

       1979.64324274
       647.35380261
       1270.87514457

       1983.30742254
       636.03711992
       1270.87623002

       1977.38104498
       634.11904820
       1281.01014962
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of MERCURY modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MERCURY frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       18.10854840
       31.66988939

       18.10801829
       31.39055578

       17.78079510
       31.39058566

       17.78033503
       31.66991913
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of MERCURY modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MERCURY frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1978.52391704
       640.74031886
       1275.95016484
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of MERCURY modeled as an ellipsoid in the IAU_MERCURY frame and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          Ellipsoid
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       17.94442417
       31.53033979
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       44.64363856
       0.05864845
       44.60856489
and the following local solar time:
       09:46:41
To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of MERCURY in the IAU_MERCURY frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vectors, km:
       1974.25716440
       645.60214021
       1281.34585342

       1980.44938049
       647.60139206
       1271.40726839

       1984.03435100
       636.28474958
       1271.36080444

       1978.15849786
       634.38367993
       1281.49936711
To compute the planetocentric longitudes and latitudes of the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points on the surface of MERCURY in the IAU_MERCURY frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA
                                 field-of-view boundary vectors
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitudes and latitudes, deg:
       18.10827034
       31.66965115

       18.10759955
       31.39090934

       17.78117498
       31.39090758

       17.78073720
       31.66957299
Both computations above also returned the illumination angles the FOV boundary vector surface intercept points but these angles were omitted from the output shown above. To compute the Cartesian position vectors of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of MERCURY in the IAU_MERCURY frame using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Rectangular
WGC will return the following position vector, km:
       1979.35742495
       641.01021051
       1276.48746436
To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the FOV boresight surface intercept point on the surface of MERCURY in the IAU_MERCURY frame using a DSK shape model and the illumination angles and the local solar time on a 24-hour clock at this point, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Surface Intercept Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Front body shape          DSK model
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Ray vector                MPO_SIMBIO-SYS_HRIC_FPA boresight
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       17.94442318
       31.53033533
the following incidence, emission, and phase angles, deg:
       45.34859624
       1.13773104
       44.60856527
and the following local solar time:
       09:46:41
Top ## ``CASSINI In-situ Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - CASSINI In-situ Sensing Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Step-1: ``UTC to ET'' To compute ET seconds past J2000 for a given UTC string, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2004-06-11T19:32:00
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       140254384.184620
Top ### Step-2: ``SCLK to ET'' To compute ET seconds past J2000 for a given SCLK string, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-82)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                1465674964.105
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       140254384.183430
Either the input SCLK time or these output ET seconds past J2000 should be used as the input time in all remaining ``In-situ Sensing'' lesson steps in order for WGC to compute values matching the results provided in the programming lesson. The output ET seconds may be saved for future use in the WGC ``Saved Values'' area by simply clicking on them with the left mouse button. The saved value can then be drag-n-dropped from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``Time:'' box in the next calculation. Top ### Step-3: ``Spacecraft State'' To compute the geometric state of the CASSINI spacecraft with respect to the Sun in the Ecliptic frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    CASSINI
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  SUN
       Reference frame           ECLIPJ2000
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               TDB
       Time format               Seconds past J2000
       Input time                140254384.183430
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       -376599061.91656125
       1294487780.92915730
       -7064853.05469811
       -5.16422619
       0.80171891
       0.04060306
Top ### Step-4: ``Sun Direction'' To compute the apparent direction of the Sun in the INMS frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Pointing Direction'' calculation:
       Calculation type          Pointing Direction
       Direction type            Position
       Target                    SUN
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector           No
       Time system               TDB
       Time format               Seconds past J2000
       Input time                140254384.183430
       Reference frame           CASSINI_INMS
       Vector magnitude          Unit
       Coordinate system         Rectangular
WGC will return the following unit vector along the Sun direction:
       -0.29020402
       0.88163119
       0.37216672
Top ### Step-5: ``Sub-Spacecraft Point'' To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the CASSINI sub-spacecraft point on Phoebe, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    PHOEBE
       Reference frame           IAU_PHOEBE
       Observer                  CASSINI
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               TDB
       Time format               Seconds past J2000
       Input time                140254384.183430
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       23.42315899
       3.70979740
WGC cannot compute the direction from the CASSINI spacecraft to the sub-spacecraft point in the INMS frame. Top ### Step-6: ``Spacecraft Velocity'' To compute the CASSINI spacecraft velocity with respect to Phoebe in the INMS frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Pointing Direction'' calculation:
       Calculation type          Pointing Direction
       Direction type            Velocity
       Target                    CASSINI
       Observer                  Phoebe
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         No correction
       Use anti-vector           No
       Time system               TDB
       Time format               Seconds past J2000
       Input time                140254384.183430
       Reference frame           CASSINI_INMS
       Vector magnitude          Unit
       Coordinate system         Rectangular
WGC will return the following unit vector along the velocity direction:
       0.39578487
       -0.29280766
       0.87041255
Top ## ``BepiColombo MPO In-situ Sensing'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - BepiColombo MPO In-situ Sensing Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Step-1: ``UTC to ET'' To compute ET seconds past J2000 for a given UTC string, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2027 JAN 05 02:04:36
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       852386745.184030
Top ### Step-2: ``SCLK to ET'' To compute ET seconds past J2000 for a given SCLK string, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Time Conversion'' calculation:
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                863834674:28127
       Output time system        TDB
       Output time format        Seconds past J2000
WGC will return the following ET seconds past J2000:
       852386745.184040
The input SCLK time should be used as the input time in all remaining ``In-situ Sensing'' lesson steps in order for WGC to compute values matching the results provided in the programming lesson. The input SCLK time may be saved for future use in the WGC ``Saved Values'' area by simply clicking on it in the results table with the left mouse button. The saved value can then be drag-n-dropped from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``Time:'' box in the next calculation. Top ### Step-3: ``Spacecraft State'' To compute the geometric state of the BepiColombo MPO spacecraft with respect to the Sun in the Ecliptic frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  SUN
       Reference frame           ECLIPJ2000
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                863834674:28127
       State representation      Rectangular
WGC will return the following state vector, km and km/s:
       23439067.89610513
       -62315194.63894688
       -7240868.73859754
       35.79932269
       18.15198781
       0.89057038
Top ### Step-4: ``Sun Direction'' To compute the apparent direction of the Sun in the SERENA STROFIO +X Buffle frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Pointing Direction'' calculation:
       Calculation type          Pointing Direction
       Direction type            Position
       Target                    SUN
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Use anti-vector           No
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                863834674:28127
       Reference frame           MPO_SERENA_STROFIO+X
       Vector magnitude          Unit
       Coordinate system         Rectangular
WGC will return the following unit vector along the Sun direction:
       0.71193730
       0.54950539
       -0.43725177
Top ### Step-5: ``Sub-Spacecraft Point'' To compute the planetocentric longitude and latitude of the BEPICOLOMBO MPO sub-spacecraft point on Mercury, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MERCURY
       Reference frame           IAU_MERCURY
       Observer                  BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         No correction
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                863834674:28127
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       17.94407694
       31.52107152
WGC cannot compute the direction from the BepiColombo MPO spacecraft to the sub-spacecraft point in the SERENA STROFIO +X Buffle frame. Top ### Step-6: ``Spacecraft Velocity'' To compute the BepiColombo MPO spacecraft velocity with respect to Mercury in the SERENA STROFIO +X Buffle frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Pointing Direction'' calculation:
       Calculation type          Pointing Direction
       Direction type            Velocity
       Target                    BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Observer                  MERCURY
       Reference frame           J2000
       Light propagation         No correction
       Use anti-vector           No
       Time system               Spacecraft clock (SCLK=-121)
       Time format               Spacecraft clock string
       Input time                863834674:28127
       Reference frame           MPO_SERENA_STROFIO+X
       Vector magnitude          Unit
       Coordinate system         Rectangular
WGC will return the following unit vector along the velocity direction, deg:
       0.10574453
       9.33475590E-06
       0.99439333
Top ## ``Mars Express Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - Mars Express Geometric Event Finding Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Make sure to unload the ``Ground Stations Kernels'' kernel set if it is pre-loaded by default as this kernel set contains a duplicate definition of the ``DSS-14_TOPO'' frame that may trigger a SPICE error if loaded together with the lesson kernel set. Top ### Find View Periods To find the set of time intervals when the Mars Express (MEX) is visible from the DSN station DSS-14, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      MEX
       Observer                    DSS-14
       Reference frame             DSS-14_TOPO
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration          Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2004 MAY 2 to 2004 MAY 6
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude is greater than 6
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2004-05-02 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2004-05-02 05:35:03.096376 TDB

       2004-05-02 16:09:14.078641 TDB
       2004-05-03 05:33:57.257816 TDB

       2004-05-03 16:08:02.279561 TDB
       2004-05-04 05:32:50.765340 TDB

       2004-05-04 16:06:51.259358 TDB
       2004-05-05 05:31:43.600189 TDB

       2004-05-05 16:05:40.994061 TDB
       2004-05-06 00:00:00.000000 TDB
Make sure to save these output intervals in the WGC ``Saved Values'' area using the ``Save All Intervals'' button to make them available for use as input to the next step of the lesson. Top ### Find Times when Target is Visible To find the set of time intervals when the Mars Express Orbiter (MEX) spacecraft is visible from the DSN station DSS-14 and is not occulted by Mars modeled as an ellipsoid, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MARS
       Front body shape            Ellipsoid
       Front body frame            IAU_MARS
       Back body                   MEX
       Back body shape             Point
       Back body frame
       Observer                    DSS-14
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2004-05-02 00:00:00....
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2004-05-02 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2004-05-02 04:49:30.827635 TDB

       2004-05-02 16:09:14.078641 TDB
       2004-05-02 20:00:22.514122 TDB

       2004-05-02 21:01:38.222068 TDB
       2004-05-03 03:35:42.256777 TDB

       2004-05-03 04:36:42.484694 TDB
       2004-05-03 05:33:57.257816 TDB

       2004-05-03 16:08:02.279561 TDB
       2004-05-03 18:46:26.013964 TDB

       2004-05-03 19:46:54.618795 TDB
       2004-05-04 02:21:44.562990 TDB

       2004-05-04 03:21:56.347988 TDB
       2004-05-04 05:32:50.765340 TDB

       2004-05-04 16:06:51.259358 TDB
       2004-05-04 17:32:25.809031 TDB

       2004-05-04 18:32:05.975318 TDB
       2004-05-05 01:07:48.264966 TDB

       2004-05-05 02:07:11.601765 TDB
       2004-05-05 05:31:43.600189 TDB

       2004-05-05 16:05:40.994061 TDB
       2004-05-05 16:18:35.560693 TDB

       2004-05-05 17:17:27.717224 TDB
       2004-05-05 23:54:04.672052 TDB
To find the set of time intervals when the Mars Express Orbiter (MEX) spacecraft is visible from the DSN station DSS-14 and is not occulted by Mars modeled using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MARS
       Front body shape            DSK model
       Front body frame            IAU_MARS
       Back body                   MEX
       Back body shape             Point
       Observer                    DSS-14
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2004-05-02 00:00:00....
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2004-05-02 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2004-05-02 04:49:32.645582 TDB

       2004-05-02 16:09:14.078641 TDB
       2004-05-02 20:00:23.980386 TDB

       2004-05-02 21:01:43.206810 TDB
       2004-05-03 03:35:44.140275 TDB

       2004-05-03 04:36:46.868950 TDB
       2004-05-03 05:33:57.257816 TDB

       2004-05-03 16:08:02.279561 TDB
       2004-05-03 18:46:27.306582 TDB

       2004-05-03 19:46:59.734382 TDB
       2004-05-04 02:21:46.574959 TDB

       2004-05-04 03:22:00.862241 TDB
       2004-05-04 05:32:50.765340 TDB

       2004-05-04 16:06:51.259358 TDB
       2004-05-04 17:32:27.118804 TDB

       2004-05-04 18:32:11.057061 TDB
       2004-05-05 01:07:50.061373 TDB

       2004-05-05 02:07:16.253201 TDB
       2004-05-05 05:31:43.600189 TDB

       2004-05-05 16:05:40.994061 TDB
       2004-05-05 16:18:36.994871 TDB

       2004-05-05 17:17:32.385773 TDB
       2004-05-05 23:54:06.221724 TDB
Top ### Extra Credit 1. To find times when Mars Express orbiter (MEX) crosses Mars' equator, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      MARS EXPRESS
       Observer                    MARS
       Reference frame             IAU_MARS
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2004 MAY 02 to 2004 MAY 06
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude equals 0
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2004-05-02 05:00:08.334792 TDB
       2004-05-02 06:15:13.074957 TDB
       2004-05-02 12:35:14.856242 TDB
       2004-05-02 13:50:09.161841 TDB
       2004-05-02 20:10:24.439170 TDB
       2004-05-02 21:25:10.344246 TDB
       2004-05-03 03:45:26.758446 TDB
       2004-05-03 05:00:04.086901 TDB
       2004-05-03 11:20:32.419618 TDB
       2004-05-03 12:34:57.968562 TDB
       2004-05-03 18:55:34.883629 TDB
       2004-05-03 20:09:53.063063 TDB
       2004-05-04 02:30:35.509603 TDB
       2004-05-04 03:44:42.753445 TDB
       2004-05-04 10:05:41.638033 TDB
       2004-05-04 11:19:38.397433 TDB
       2004-05-04 17:40:41.405725 TDB
       2004-05-04 18:54:31.413477 TDB
       2004-05-05 01:15:45.967991 TDB
       2004-05-05 02:29:25.294886 TDB
       2004-05-05 08:50:53.931352 TDB
       2004-05-05 10:04:26.915886 TDB
       2004-05-05 16:25:58.350272 TDB
       2004-05-05 17:39:23.889937 TDB
2. To find times when Mars Express orbiter (MEX) is at periapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      MARS EXPRESS
       Observer                    MARS
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2004 MAY 02 to 2004 MAY 06
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local minimum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2004-05-02 05:57:51.000411 TDB
       2004-05-02 13:32:43.325958 TDB
       2004-05-02 21:07:41.124293 TDB
       2004-05-03 04:42:30.648154 TDB
       2004-05-03 12:17:21.143198 TDB
       2004-05-03 19:52:12.267643 TDB
       2004-05-04 03:26:57.755816 TDB
       2004-05-04 11:01:49.826895 TDB
       2004-05-04 18:36:38.448012 TDB
       2004-05-05 02:11:28.558226 TDB
       2004-05-05 09:46:26.309109 TDB
       2004-05-05 17:21:18.875493 TDB
3. To find times when Mars Express orbiter (MEX) is at apoapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      MARS EXPRESS
       Observer                    MARS
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2004 MAY 02 to 2004 MAY 06
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local maximum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2004-05-02 02:10:24.948283 TDB
       2004-05-02 09:45:19.189323 TDB
       2004-05-02 17:20:14.194854 TDB
       2004-05-03 00:55:07.633360 TDB
       2004-05-03 08:29:57.890652 TDB
       2004-05-03 16:04:48.524492 TDB
       2004-05-03 23:39:36.745574 TDB
       2004-05-04 07:14:25.662870 TDB
       2004-05-04 14:49:15.904704 TDB
       2004-05-04 22:24:05.351784 TDB
       2004-05-05 05:58:59.270665 TDB
       2004-05-05 13:33:54.433201 TDB
       2004-05-05 21:08:50.211003 TDB
Top ## ``ExoMars-16 TGO Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - ExoMars 2016 Geometric Event Finding Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Find View Periods To find the set of time intervals when the ExoMars-16 TGO (TGO) is visible from the ESA station NEW_NORCIA, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Observer                    NEW_NORCIA
       Reference frame             NEW_NORCIA_TOPO
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration          Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2018 JUN 10 to 2018 JUN 14
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude is greater than 6
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2018-06-10 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2018-06-10 02:11:17.355621 TDB

       2018-06-10 13:19:58.777464 TDB
       2018-06-11 02:08:16.008548 TDB

       2018-06-11 13:16:50.542539 TDB
       2018-06-12 02:05:12.548825 TDB

       2018-06-12 13:13:38.573032 TDB
       2018-06-13 02:02:06.618874 TDB

       2018-06-13 13:10:23.432464 TDB
       2018-06-14 00:00:00.000000 TDB
Make sure to save these output intervals in the WGC ``Saved Values'' area using the ``Save All Intervals'' button to make them available for use as input to the next step of the lesson. Top ### Find Times when Target is Visible To find the set of time intervals when the ExoMars-16 TGO Orbiter (TGO) spacecraft is visible from the ESA station NEW_NORCIA and and is not occulted by Mars modeled as an ellipsoid, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MARS
       Front body shape            Ellipsoid
       Front body frame            IAU_MARS
       Back body                   EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Back body shape             Point
       Observer                    NEW_NORCIA
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2018-06-10 00:00:00....
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2018-06-10 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2018-06-10 01:00:30.640614 TDB

       2018-06-10 01:41:03.610048 TDB
       2018-06-10 02:11:17.355621 TDB

       2018-06-10 13:28:28.785788 TDB
       2018-06-10 14:45:38.197853 TDB

       2018-06-10 15:26:21.981505 TDB
       2018-06-10 16:43:32.192863 TDB

       2018-06-10 17:24:17.290058 TDB
       2018-06-10 18:41:27.535612 TDB

       2018-06-10 19:22:13.628023 TDB
       2018-06-10 20:39:21.785693 TDB

       2018-06-10 21:20:08.856427 TDB
       2018-06-10 22:37:12.445420 TDB

       2018-06-10 23:18:00.834325 TDB
       2018-06-11 00:35:01.034340 TDB

       2018-06-11 01:15:50.883961 TDB
       2018-06-11 02:08:16.008548 TDB

       2018-06-11 13:16:50.542539 TDB
       2018-06-11 14:20:09.789544 TDB

       2018-06-11 15:01:08.370780 TDB
       2018-06-11 16:18:03.385855 TDB

       2018-06-11 16:59:03.014503 TDB
       2018-06-11 18:15:58.739454 TDB

       2018-06-11 18:56:59.199542 TDB
       2018-06-11 20:13:54.308303 TDB

       2018-06-11 20:54:55.301168 TDB
       2018-06-11 22:11:47.045226 TDB

       2018-06-11 22:52:48.925002 TDB
       2018-06-12 00:09:35.868266 TDB

       2018-06-12 00:50:39.046685 TDB
       2018-06-12 02:05:12.548825 TDB

       2018-06-12 13:13:38.573032 TDB
       2018-06-12 13:54:43.524958 TDB

       2018-06-12 14:35:54.054008 TDB
       2018-06-12 15:52:36.256662 TDB

       2018-06-12 16:33:47.502777 TDB
       2018-06-12 17:50:30.988537 TDB

       2018-06-12 18:31:42.896589 TDB
       2018-06-12 19:48:26.827964 TDB

       2018-06-12 20:29:39.039169 TDB
       2018-06-12 21:46:20.933464 TDB

       2018-06-12 22:27:33.596215 TDB
       2018-06-12 23:44:11.473471 TDB

       2018-06-13 00:25:24.992296 TDB
       2018-06-13 01:42:00.777360 TDB

       2018-06-13 13:10:23.432464 TDB
       2018-06-13 13:29:19.789157 TDB

       2018-06-13 14:10:38.985039 TDB
       2018-06-13 15:27:11.882834 TDB

       2018-06-13 16:08:31.566611 TDB
       2018-06-13 17:25:06.068241 TDB

       2018-06-13 18:06:26.219824 TDB
       2018-06-13 19:23:01.820444 TDB

       2018-06-13 20:04:22.175372 TDB
       2018-06-13 21:20:57.296111 TDB

       2018-06-13 22:02:17.650959 TDB
       2018-06-13 23:18:49.624491 TDB
To find the set of time intervals when the ExoMars-16 TGO Orbiter (TGO) spacecraft is visible from the ESA station NEW_NORCIA and and is not occulted by Mars modeled using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MARS
       Front body shape            DSK model
       Front body frame            IAU_MARS
       Back body                   EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Back body shape             Point
       Observer                    NEW_NORCIA
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2018-06-10 00:00:00....
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2018-06-10 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2018-06-10 01:00:28.220807 TDB

       2018-06-10 01:41:01.646917 TDB
       2018-06-10 02:11:17.355621 TDB

       2018-06-10 13:28:26.224303 TDB
       2018-06-10 14:45:35.493195 TDB

       2018-06-10 15:26:19.616482 TDB
       2018-06-10 16:43:28.927026 TDB

       2018-06-10 17:24:15.708129 TDB
       2018-06-10 18:41:24.797353 TDB

       2018-06-10 19:22:12.239603 TDB
       2018-06-10 20:39:19.310010 TDB

       2018-06-10 21:20:07.177145 TDB
       2018-06-10 22:37:09.488415 TDB

       2018-06-10 23:17:58.789177 TDB
       2018-06-11 00:34:58.698530 TDB

       2018-06-11 01:15:48.932135 TDB
       2018-06-11 02:08:16.008548 TDB

       2018-06-11 13:16:50.542539 TDB
       2018-06-11 14:20:07.002550 TDB

       2018-06-11 15:01:05.889750 TDB
       2018-06-11 16:18:00.245245 TDB

       2018-06-11 16:59:00.815555 TDB
       2018-06-11 18:15:55.713823 TDB

       2018-06-11 18:56:57.742755 TDB
       2018-06-11 20:13:51.980832 TDB

       2018-06-11 20:54:53.740948 TDB
       2018-06-11 22:11:44.029460 TDB

       2018-06-11 22:52:47.021765 TDB
       2018-06-12 00:09:33.513615 TDB

       2018-06-12 00:50:37.057576 TDB
       2018-06-12 02:05:12.548825 TDB

       2018-06-12 13:13:38.573032 TDB
       2018-06-12 13:54:41.265138 TDB

       2018-06-12 14:35:51.639820 TDB
       2018-06-12 15:52:34.091993 TDB

       2018-06-12 16:33:45.105220 TDB
       2018-06-12 17:50:29.020626 TDB

       2018-06-12 18:31:41.100405 TDB
       2018-06-12 19:48:23.878666 TDB

       2018-06-12 20:29:37.591528 TDB
       2018-06-12 21:46:18.430557 TDB

       2018-06-12 22:27:31.911087 TDB
       2018-06-12 23:44:08.681952 TDB

       2018-06-13 00:25:22.967320 TDB
       2018-06-13 01:41:58.417366 TDB

       2018-06-13 13:10:23.432464 TDB
       2018-06-13 13:29:18.021452 TDB

       2018-06-13 14:10:36.866862 TDB
       2018-06-13 15:27:09.686654 TDB

       2018-06-13 16:08:29.188852 TDB
       2018-06-13 17:25:04.013047 TDB

       2018-06-13 18:06:23.940576 TDB
       2018-06-13 19:22:59.754402 TDB

       2018-06-13 20:04:20.668606 TDB
       2018-06-13 21:20:54.998971 TDB

       2018-06-13 22:02:16.162693 TDB
       2018-06-13 23:18:47.458050 TDB
Top ### Extra Credit 1. To find times when ExoMars-16 TGO (TGO) crosses Mars' equator, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Observer                    MARS
       Reference frame             IAU_MARS
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2018 JUN 10 to 2018 JUN 11
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude equals 0
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2018-06-10 00:14:08.836580 TDB
       2018-06-10 01:12:34.582095 TDB
       2018-06-10 02:12:00.375370 TDB
       2018-06-10 03:10:28.808573 TDB
       2018-06-10 04:09:53.955311 TDB
       2018-06-10 05:08:23.919392 TDB
       2018-06-10 06:07:48.630669 TDB
       2018-06-10 07:06:17.539430 TDB
       2018-06-10 08:05:42.659963 TDB
       2018-06-10 09:04:09.120521 TDB
       2018-06-10 10:03:34.270188 TDB
       2018-06-10 11:01:59.269625 TDB
       2018-06-10 12:01:22.866520 TDB
       2018-06-10 12:59:49.352117 TDB
       2018-06-10 13:59:13.289772 TDB
       2018-06-10 14:57:41.242004 TDB
       2018-06-10 15:57:07.576976 TDB
       2018-06-10 16:55:35.266038 TDB
       2018-06-10 17:55:02.773235 TDB
       2018-06-10 18:53:30.271499 TDB
       2018-06-10 19:52:56.383285 TDB
       2018-06-10 20:51:23.966229 TDB
       2018-06-10 21:50:47.729319 TDB
       2018-06-10 22:49:14.385397 TDB
       2018-06-10 23:48:37.583974 TDB
2. To find times when ExoMars-16 TGO (TGO) is at periapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Observer                    MARS
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2018 JUN 10 to 2018 JUN 11
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local minimum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2018-06-10 00:43:06.357819 TDB
       2018-06-10 02:40:47.168872 TDB
       2018-06-10 04:38:45.496250 TDB
       2018-06-10 06:36:32.706773 TDB
       2018-06-10 08:34:10.548681 TDB
       2018-06-10 10:31:49.108636 TDB
       2018-06-10 12:29:20.342207 TDB
       2018-06-10 14:27:07.089996 TDB
       2018-06-10 16:25:36.081463 TDB
       2018-06-10 18:24:02.653942 TDB
       2018-06-10 20:22:23.184793 TDB
       2018-06-10 22:20:12.453735 TDB
3. To find times when ExoMars-16 TGO (TGO) is at apoapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      EXOMARS 2016 TGO
       Observer                    MARS
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2018 JUN 10 to 2018 JUN 11
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local maximum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2018-06-10 01:41:44.632145 TDB
       2018-06-10 03:39:31.106999 TDB
       2018-06-10 05:37:22.115251 TDB
       2018-06-10 07:34:59.674318 TDB
       2018-06-10 09:32:25.708394 TDB
       2018-06-10 11:29:47.945538 TDB
       2018-06-10 13:27:30.200636 TDB
       2018-06-10 15:26:02.524463 TDB
       2018-06-10 17:24:37.842993 TDB
       2018-06-10 19:23:11.265220 TDB
       2018-06-10 21:21:13.530306 TDB
       2018-06-10 23:18:56.796575 TDB
Top ## ``KPLO Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - KPLO Geometric Event Finding Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Find View Periods To find the set of time intervals when the KPLO is visible from the KARI station KDSA, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Observer                    KDSA
       Reference frame             KDSA_TOPO
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration          Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2021 JAN 02 to 2021 JAN 04 TDB
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude is greater than 6
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2021-01-02 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2021-01-02 00:29:04.809104 TDB

       2021-01-02 12:09:44.219078 TDB
       2021-01-03 01:06:51.294946 TDB

       2021-01-03 13:14:11.953416 TDB
       2021-01-04 00:00:00.000000 TDB
Make sure to save these output intervals in the WGC ``Saved Values'' area using the ``Save All Intervals'' button to make them available for use as input to the next step of the lesson. Top ### Find Times when Target is Visible To find the set of time intervals when the KPLO Orbiter spacecraft is visible from the KARI station KDSA and and is not occulted by Moon modeled as an ellipsoid, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MOON
       Front body shape            Ellipsoid
       Front body frame            MOON_ME
       Back body                   KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Back body shape             Point
       Observer                    KDSA
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2021-01-02 00:00:00...
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2021-01-02 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2021-01-02 00:10:09.889149 TDB

       2021-01-02 12:40:16.709927 TDB
       2021-01-02 13:53:22.951804 TDB

       2021-01-02 14:38:06.490360 TDB
       2021-01-02 15:51:01.342268 TDB

       2021-01-02 16:35:53.098803 TDB
       2021-01-02 17:48:38.156533 TDB

       2021-01-02 18:33:36.932715 TDB
       2021-01-02 19:46:13.245471 TDB

       2021-01-02 20:31:18.977103 TDB
       2021-01-02 21:43:47.009069 TDB

       2021-01-02 22:29:00.574638 TDB
       2021-01-02 23:41:20.248180 TDB

       2021-01-03 00:26:43.022041 TDB
       2021-01-03 01:06:51.294946 TDB

       2021-01-03 13:14:11.953416 TDB
       2021-01-03 13:24:44.929522 TDB

       2021-01-03 14:11:13.658468 TDB
       2021-01-03 15:22:24.978150 TDB

       2021-01-03 16:08:57.996438 TDB
       2021-01-03 17:20:04.038775 TDB

       2021-01-03 18:06:40.377391 TDB
       2021-01-03 19:17:42.133447 TDB

       2021-01-03 20:04:21.409086 TDB
       2021-01-03 21:15:19.693724 TDB

       2021-01-03 22:02:02.068830 TDB
       2021-01-03 23:12:57.440831 TDB

       2021-01-03 23:59:43.429772 TDB
       2021-01-04 00:00:00.000000 TDB
To find the set of time intervals when the KPLO Orbiter spacecraft is visible from the KARI station KDSA and and is not occulted by Moon modeled using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MOON
       Front body shape            DSK model
       Front body frame            MOON_ME
       Back body                   KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Back body shape             Point
       Observer                    KDSA
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2021-01-02 00:00:00...
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2021-01-02 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2021-01-02 00:10:08.006832 TDB

       2021-01-02 12:40:16.852087 TDB
       2021-01-02 13:53:27.473483 TDB

       2021-01-02 14:38:06.251356 TDB
       2021-01-02 15:51:03.685211 TDB

       2021-01-02 16:35:52.094231 TDB
       2021-01-02 17:48:37.725860 TDB

       2021-01-02 18:33:36.119642 TDB
       2021-01-02 19:46:15.165413 TDB

       2021-01-02 20:31:18.110644 TDB
       2021-01-02 21:43:51.889714 TDB

       2021-01-02 22:28:59.525035 TDB
       2021-01-02 23:41:26.087095 TDB

       2021-01-03 00:26:41.518075 TDB
       2021-01-03 01:06:51.294946 TDB

       2021-01-03 13:14:11.953416 TDB
       2021-01-03 13:24:47.451517 TDB

       2021-01-03 14:11:12.626333 TDB
       2021-01-03 15:22:28.682591 TDB

       2021-01-03 16:08:56.940982 TDB
       2021-01-03 17:20:08.465709 TDB

       2021-01-03 18:06:39.012820 TDB
       2021-01-03 19:17:46.193336 TDB

       2021-01-03 20:04:20.411973 TDB
       2021-01-03 21:15:23.606861 TDB

       2021-01-03 22:02:01.131969 TDB
       2021-01-03 23:12:59.851984 TDB

       2021-01-03 23:59:42.474125 TDB
       2021-01-04 00:00:00.000000 TDB
Top ### Extra Credit 1. To find times when KPLO crosses Moon' equator, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Observer                    MOON
       Reference frame             MOON_ME
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2021 JAN 02 to 2021 JAN 03
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude equals 0
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2021-01-02 00:29:09.291260 TDB
       2021-01-02 01:28:07.739313 TDB
       2021-01-02 02:26:53.378996 TDB
       2021-01-02 03:25:51.718417 TDB
       2021-01-02 04:24:37.370435 TDB
       2021-01-02 05:23:35.637643 TDB
       2021-01-02 06:22:21.229758 TDB
       2021-01-02 07:21:19.488355 TDB
       2021-01-02 08:20:04.908620 TDB
       2021-01-02 09:19:03.268286 TDB
       2021-01-02 10:17:48.394045 TDB
       2021-01-02 11:16:46.997406 TDB
       2021-01-02 12:15:31.710021 TDB
       2021-01-02 13:14:30.717714 TDB
       2021-01-02 14:13:14.874535 TDB
       2021-01-02 15:12:14.473830 TDB
       2021-01-02 16:10:57.866823 TDB
       2021-01-02 17:09:58.289834 TDB
       2021-01-02 18:08:40.644274 TDB
       2021-01-02 19:07:42.160572 TDB
       2021-01-02 20:06:23.192173 TDB
       2021-01-02 21:05:26.057974 TDB
       2021-01-02 22:04:05.537612 TDB
       2021-01-02 23:03:09.942854 TDB
2. To find times when KPLO is at periapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Observer                    MOON
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2021 JAN 02 to 2021 JAN 03
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local minimum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2021-01-02 01:30:03.252209 TDB
       2021-01-02 03:27:47.175008 TDB
       2021-01-02 05:25:32.458516 TDB
       2021-01-02 07:23:19.666917 TDB
       2021-01-02 09:21:09.488858 TDB
       2021-01-02 11:19:02.272580 TDB
       2021-01-02 13:16:58.197678 TDB
       2021-01-02 15:14:57.534376 TDB
       2021-01-02 17:13:00.573722 TDB
       2021-01-02 19:11:07.149724 TDB
       2021-01-02 21:09:16.134309 TDB
       2021-01-02 23:07:26.025982 TDB
3. To find times when KPLO is at apoapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      KOREA PATHFINDER LUNAR ORBITER
       Observer                    MOON
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2021 JAN 02 to 2021 JAN 03
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local maximum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2021-01-02 00:31:23.997068 TDB
       2021-01-02 02:29:07.494822 TDB
       2021-01-02 04:26:51.565647 TDB
       2021-01-02 06:24:36.779707 TDB
       2021-01-02 08:22:24.045804 TDB
       2021-01-02 10:20:13.799654 TDB
       2021-01-02 12:18:06.012411 TDB
       2021-01-02 14:16:00.876052 TDB
       2021-01-02 16:13:59.150197 TDB
       2021-01-02 18:12:01.620695 TDB
       2021-01-02 20:10:08.021442 TDB
       2021-01-02 22:08:16.917912 TDB
Top ## ``BepiColombo MPO Geometric Event Finding'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Kernels Used Use the ``SPICE Class - BepiColombo MPO Geometric Event Finding Lesson Kernels'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do all steps in this lesson. Top ### Find View Periods To find the set of time intervals when the BepiColombo MPO (MPO) is visible from the ESA station NEW_NORCIA, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Observer                    NEW_NORCIA
       Reference frame             NEW_NORCIA_TOPO
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration          Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2027 JAN 03 to 2027 JAN 06
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude is greater than 6
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2027-01-03 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2027-01-03 10:58:25.063666 TDB

       2027-01-03 21:55:08.488015 TDB
       2027-01-04 11:01:14.279503 TDB

       2027-01-04 21:58:41.333765 TDB
       2027-01-05 11:04:00.020897 TDB

       2027-01-05 22:02:18.477689 TDB
       2027-01-06 00:00:00.000000 TDB
Make sure to save these output intervals in the WGC ``Saved Values'' area using the ``Save All Intervals'' button to make them available for use as input to the next step of the lesson. Top ### Find Times when Target is Visible To find the set of time intervals when the BepiColombo MPO Orbiter (MPO) spacecraft is visible from the ESA station NEW_NORCIA and and is not occulted by MERCURY modeled as an ellipsoid, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MERCURY
       Front body shape            Ellipsoid
       Front body frame            IAU_MERCURY
       Back body                   BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Back body shape             Point
       Observer                    NEW_NORCIA
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2027-01-03 00:00:00....
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2027-01-03 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2027-01-03 01:28:03.419233 TDB

       2027-01-03 02:00:42.993632 TDB
       2027-01-03 03:49:50.750893 TDB

       2027-01-03 04:22:20.803992 TDB
       2027-01-03 06:11:38.050911 TDB

       2027-01-03 06:43:58.528879 TDB
       2027-01-03 08:33:25.499611 TDB

       2027-01-03 09:05:36.070506 TDB
       2027-01-03 10:55:12.991735 TDB

       2027-01-03 21:55:08.488015 TDB
       2027-01-03 22:44:11.490099 TDB

       2027-01-03 23:15:19.552983 TDB
       2027-01-04 01:05:59.339076 TDB

       2027-01-04 01:36:56.572342 TDB
       2027-01-04 03:27:47.253162 TDB

       2027-01-04 03:58:33.411659 TDB
       2027-01-04 05:49:35.238120 TDB

       2027-01-04 06:20:10.165230 TDB
       2027-01-04 08:11:23.310135 TDB

       2027-01-04 08:41:46.813607 TDB
       2027-01-04 10:33:11.480288 TDB

       2027-01-04 21:58:41.333765 TDB
       2027-01-04 22:22:13.911999 TDB

       2027-01-04 22:51:24.368524 TDB
       2027-01-05 00:44:02.576224 TDB

       2027-01-05 01:13:00.256137 TDB
       2027-01-05 03:05:51.406811 TDB

       2027-01-05 03:34:36.025883 TDB
       2027-01-05 05:27:40.260241 TDB

       2027-01-05 05:56:11.727894 TDB
       2027-01-05 07:49:29.298129 TDB

       2027-01-05 08:17:47.213618 TDB
       2027-01-05 10:11:18.377919 TDB

       2027-01-05 10:39:22.574622 TDB
       2027-01-05 11:04:00.020897 TDB

       2027-01-05 22:27:17.183790 TDB
       2027-01-06 00:00:00.000000 TDB
To find the set of time intervals when the BepiColombo MPO Orbiter (MPO) spacecraft is visible from the ESA station NEW_NORCIA and and is not occulted by MERCURY modeled using a DSK shape model, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Occultation Event Finder'' calculation:
       Occultation type            Any
       Front body                  MERCURY
       Front body shape            DSK model
       Front body frame            IAU_MERCURY
       Back body                   BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Back body shape             Point
       Observer                    NEW_NORCIA
       Light propagation           To observer
       Light-time algorithm        Converged Newtonian
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time windows                ["2027-01-03 00:00:00....
       Step                        300 seconds
       Output time unit            hours
       Complement result window    yes
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
To use the time intervals found by the previous step as the input to this calculation, select ``List of Intervals'' in the ``Input times:'' selector and drag and drop saved intervals from the ``Saved Values'' area into the empty ``List of intervals:'' box. WGC will return the following interval start and stop times:
       2027-01-03 00:00:00.000000 TDB
       2027-01-03 01:28:03.202274 TDB

       2027-01-03 02:00:43.226282 TDB
       2027-01-03 03:49:50.589325 TDB

       2027-01-03 04:22:21.167426 TDB
       2027-01-03 06:11:37.927914 TDB

       2027-01-03 06:43:58.803080 TDB
       2027-01-03 08:33:25.452286 TDB

       2027-01-03 09:05:36.483005 TDB
       2027-01-03 10:55:13.005765 TDB

       2027-01-03 21:55:08.488015 TDB
       2027-01-03 22:44:11.836443 TDB

       2027-01-03 23:15:20.564990 TDB
       2027-01-04 01:05:59.788947 TDB

       2027-01-04 01:36:56.903679 TDB
       2027-01-04 03:27:47.794713 TDB

       2027-01-04 03:58:33.685170 TDB
       2027-01-04 05:49:35.857104 TDB

       2027-01-04 06:20:10.819543 TDB
       2027-01-04 08:11:23.843362 TDB

       2027-01-04 08:41:47.399395 TDB
       2027-01-04 10:33:12.291393 TDB

       2027-01-04 21:58:41.333765 TDB
       2027-01-04 22:22:13.969382 TDB

       2027-01-04 22:51:24.088513 TDB
       2027-01-05 00:44:02.498240 TDB

       2027-01-05 01:13:00.056223 TDB
       2027-01-05 03:05:51.377268 TDB

       2027-01-05 03:34:36.194296 TDB
       2027-01-05 05:27:40.400567 TDB

       2027-01-05 05:56:11.995943 TDB
       2027-01-05 07:49:29.743608 TDB

       2027-01-05 08:17:47.173986 TDB
       2027-01-05 10:11:18.893303 TDB

       2027-01-05 10:39:22.690895 TDB
       2027-01-05 11:04:00.020897 TDB

       2027-01-05 22:27:17.436008 TDB
       2027-01-06 00:00:00.000000 TDB
Top ### Extra Credit 1. To find times when BepiColombo MPO (MPO) crosses MERCURY' equator, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Position Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Observer                    MERCURY
       Reference frame             IAU_MERCURY
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2027 JAN 03 to 2027 JAN 04
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate system           Planetocentric
       Coordinate condition        Latitude equals 0
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2027-01-03 00:21:02.744334 TDB
       2027-01-03 01:34:39.885957 TDB
       2027-01-03 02:42:45.780223 TDB
       2027-01-03 03:56:22.917048 TDB
       2027-01-03 05:04:28.849131 TDB
       2027-01-03 06:18:06.007358 TDB
       2027-01-03 07:26:11.888263 TDB
       2027-01-03 08:39:49.081587 TDB
       2027-01-03 09:47:54.901012 TDB
       2027-01-03 11:01:32.084351 TDB
       2027-01-03 12:09:37.930329 TDB
       2027-01-03 13:23:15.135888 TDB
       2027-01-03 14:31:20.939808 TDB
       2027-01-03 15:44:58.128865 TDB
       2027-01-03 16:53:03.959515 TDB
       2027-01-03 18:06:41.171174 TDB
       2027-01-03 19:14:46.962115 TDB
       2027-01-03 20:28:24.150065 TDB
       2027-01-03 21:36:29.935243 TDB
       2027-01-03 22:50:07.114962 TDB
       2027-01-03 23:58:12.944905 TDB
2. To find times when BepiColombo MPO (MPO) is at periapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Observer                    MERCURY
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2027 JAN 03 to 2027 JAN 04
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local minimum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2027-01-03 00:18:33.937597 TDB
       2027-01-03 02:40:16.998455 TDB
       2027-01-03 05:01:59.964812 TDB
       2027-01-03 07:23:43.026843 TDB
       2027-01-03 09:45:25.991310 TDB
       2027-01-03 12:07:09.042682 TDB
       2027-01-03 14:28:52.095744 TDB
       2027-01-03 16:50:35.082444 TDB
       2027-01-03 19:12:18.042779 TDB
       2027-01-03 21:34:01.097809 TDB
       2027-01-03 23:55:44.079910 TDB
3. To find times when BepiColombo MPO (MPO) is at apoapsis, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Distance Event Finder'' calculation:
       Target                      BEPICOLOMBO MPO
       Observer                    MERCURY
       Light propagation           No correction
       Time system                 TDB
       Time format                 Calendar date and time
       Time range                  2027 JAN 03 to 2027 JAN 04
       Step                        300 seconds
       Coordinate condition        Distance is local maximum
       Output time unit            seconds
       Complement result window    no
       Result interval adjustment  No adjustment
       Result interval filtering   No filtering
WGC will return the following times:
       2027-01-03 01:29:25.529845 TDB
       2027-01-03 03:51:08.495185 TDB
       2027-01-03 06:12:51.561811 TDB
       2027-01-03 08:34:34.611548 TDB
       2027-01-03 10:56:17.595681 TDB
       2027-01-03 13:18:00.653133 TDB
       2027-01-03 15:39:43.611529 TDB
       2027-01-03 18:01:26.677944 TDB
       2027-01-03 20:23:09.638216 TDB
       2027-01-03 22:44:52.618672 TDB
Top ## ``Binary PCK'' Hands-On Lesson Using WGC Top ### Moon rotation (mrotat) Use the ``SPICE Class - Binary PCK Lesson Kernels (Moon)'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do this step in this lesson. To compute the Moon-Earth direction using the low accuracy PCK and the IAU_MOON frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    EARTH
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MOON
       Reference frame           IAU_MOON
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       State representation      Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       3.61310222
       -6.43834182
To compute the Moon-Earth direction using a high accuracy PCK and the MOON_ME frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    EARTH
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       State representation      Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       3.61122841
       -6.43950148
WGC cannot compute angular separation between the Moon-Earth direction vectors in the IAU_MOON and MOON_ME frames. To compute the Moon-Earth direction using a high accuracy PCK and the MOON_PA frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    EARTH
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_PA
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       State representation      Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       3.59331861
       -6.41758189
WGC cannot compute angular separation between the Moon-Earth direction vectors in the MOON_ME and MOON_PA frames. To compute the sub-Earth point on the Moon using a high accuracy PCK and the MOON_ME frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_ME
       Observer                  EARTH
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       3.61141894
       -6.43950142
To compute the sub-Earth point on the Moon using a high accuracy PCK and the MOON_PA frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Observer Point'' calculation:
       Target                    MOON
       Reference frame           MOON_PA
       Observer                  EARTH
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Converged Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       3.59350886
       -6.41758182
WGC cannot compute the distance between the sub-Earth points computed in the MOON_ME and MOON_PA frames. Top ### Earth rotation (erotat) Use the ``SPICE Class - Binary PCK Lesson Kernels (Earth)'' kernel set appearing near the bottom of the ``Kernel selection:'' menu to do this step in this lesson. To compute the Earth-Moon direction using a low accuracy PCK and the IAU_EARTH frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MOON
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  EARTH
       Reference frame           IAU_EARTH
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       State representation      Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       -35.49627162
       26.41695855
To compute the Earth-Moon direction using a high accuracy PCK and the ITRF93 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MOON
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  EARTH
       Reference frame           ITRF93
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       State representation      Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       -35.55428578
       26.41915557
WGC cannot compute the separation angle between the Earth-Moon vectors in IAU_EARTH and ITRF93 frames. WGC cannot compute the IAU_EARTH and ITRF93 +X and +Z axis separation angles. To compute the DSS-13-Moon azimuth and elevation using a high accuracy PCK and the DSS-13_TOPO frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``State Vector'' calculation:
       Target type               Object
       Target                    MOON
       Observer type             Object
       Observer                  DSS-13
       Reference frame           DSS-13_TOPO
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       State representation      Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg, that are equivalent to the azimuth (AZ=-LON) and elevation (EL=LAT):
       -72.16900637
       20.68948821
To compute the sub-solar point on Earth using a low accuracy PCK and the IAU_EARTH frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    EARTH
       Reference frame           IAU_EARTH
       Observer                  SUN
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       -177.10053149
       -22.91037699
To compute the sub-solar point on Earth using a high accuracy PCK and the ITRF93 frame, specify/select the following inputs in the ``Sub-Solar Point'' calculation:
       Target                    EARTH
       Reference frame           ITRF93
       Observer                  SUN
       Sub-point type            Near point: ellipsoid
       Light propagation         To observer
       Light-time algorithm      Newtonian
       Stellar aberration        Corrected for stellar aberration
       Time system               UTC
       Time format               Calendar date and time
       Input time                2007 JAN 1 00:00:00
       Position representation   Planetocentric
WGC will return the following longitude and latitude, deg:
       -177.15787351
       -22.91259307
WGC cannot compute the distance between the sub-solar points computed in the IAU_EARTH and ITRF93 frames.