
General information about SPICE SP-kernels
==========================================

   The purpose of the SP-kernel -- which stands for S(pacecraft) and
   P(lanet) Kernel -- is to allow ephemerides for any collection of
   solar system bodies, spacecraft or any other objects in 3D space
   to be combined under a common file format, and accessed by a common
   set of subroutines.

   SPK can be accessed by subroutines that are part of the SPICE
   library, the major component of the SPICE Toolkit. These subroutines
   can be integrated into user application programs. For information on
   the SPICE Toolkit and/or how to obtain it, please consult
   SPICE_INST.CAT and SOFT.CAT.

   To use SP-kernels, a Leapseconds (LSK) is also required. To use
   SP-Kernels containing positions given relative to the non-inertial
   and project-defined frames, one or more of Frame Definitions Kernel
   (FK), Planetary Constants Kernel (PcK), and C-Kernel (CK) files may
   also be required.

   Refer to the SPK.REQ document provided with the Toolkit to get more
   information on how to access SP-kernel data.


ROSETTA SPK Files
=================

   This file describes the contents of the DATA/SPK directory of the
   ROSETTA SPICE data set.

   The contents and time span covered by any SPK file may be easily
   determined using the 'brief' utility program available in all copies
   of the SPICE Toolkit. Examples of usage:

      %brief <spk_file_name>

   Descriptive information about how/why/when an SPK file was created
   is usually available in the 'comment area' of the file. This may be
   viewed using the 'commnt' utility program available in all copies of
   the SPICE Toolkit. Use the '-r' option to read the comments. Example:

      %commnt -r <spk_file_name>

   All binary SPK files (*.BSP) contained in this directory are
   little-endian (LTL-IEEE) binary files.


ROSETTA SPK-Kernels Contained in this Data Set
==============================================

   The following SPK-kernels are provided in this data set:

   Rosetta orbiter SPKs:

      RORB_DV_145_01_______00216.BSP
      RORB_DV_223_01_______00302.BSP 
      RORB_DV_257_02_______00344.BSP
      RORB_DV_145_01___T19_00216.BSP 
      RORB_DV_223_01___T19_00302.BSP 
      RORB_DV_257_02___T19_00344.BSP
      RORB_DV_257_03___T19_00345.BSP Contain Rosetta orbiter orbital
                                     phase ephemeris, based on data
                                     provided by ESOC. Please note that except
                                     for RORB_DV_257_03___T19_00345.BSP the
                                     rest of the kernels in combination with
                                     their homologue Comet Orbit files (CORB),
                                     contain discontinuities for
                                     the spacecraft and the comet orbit;
                                     they are 1 second apart in time
                                     due to a technical detail how the Rosetta
                                     Orbit Determination (OD) system works.
                                     Within this 1 sec the relative orbit
                                     between Rosetta and the comet is
                                     significantly wrong.
                                     RORB_DV_257_03___T19_00345.BSP corrects
                                     these discontinuities but the jumps t
                                     hemselves are still there. With the short
                                     data arcs applicable for OD, there was no
                                     chance to get hold on the so-called comet
                                     non-gravitational acceleration. Hence, in
                                     the short arcs comet OD these were
                                     neglected with the result that in the
                                     next arc, the comet orbit is shifted by
                                     the amount the non-gravitational
                                     acceleration have accumulated.

      ORHR_______________00047.BSP
      ORHR_______________00096.BSP
      ORHR_______________00109.BSP
      ORHR_______________00122.BSP
      ORHR___________T19_00122.BSP   Contain Rosetta orbiter cruise
                                     ephemeris, based on data provided
                                     by ESOC, spanning the cruise phase,
                                     from launch to the comet
                                     rendezvous maneuver. The file
                                     with the latest version
                                     supersedes all previous versions.

      ORER_______________00031.BSP   Contains Rosetta orbiter
                                     ephemeris of 1st Earth flyby,
                                     based on data provided by ESOC,
                                     spanning the 1st Earth flyby period.
                                     This file is superseded by the
                                     latest ORHR_*.BSP SPK.

      ORFR_______________00067.BSP   Contains Rosetta orbiter
                                     ephemeris of 2nd Earth flyby,
                                     based on data provided by ESOC,
                                     spanning the 2nd Earth flyby period.
                                     This file is superseded by the
                                     latest ORHR_*.BSP SPK.

      ORGR_______________00096.BSP   Contains Rosetta orbiter
                                     ephemeris of 3rd Earth flyby,
                                     based on data provided by ESOC,
                                     spanning the 3rd Earth flyby period.
                                     This file is superseded by the
                                     latest ORHR_*.BSP SPK.

      ORMR_______________00052.BSP   Contains Rosetta orbiter
                                     ephemeris of Mars flyby, based on
                                     data provided by ESOC, spanning the
                                     Mars flyby period.  This file is
                                     superseded by the latest
                                     ORHR_*.BSP SPK.

      ROS_DLR_S4S_1408_1409_V1.BSP   This product contains 251 Type 9/Degree 1
                                     SPK segments each covering a two-second
                                     interval corresponding to one of OSIRIS
                                     images taken in August-September 2014 and
                                     used in producing the SHAP4S shape model.
                                     The position during each interval is
                                     constant.

      ROS_ORBITER_EXTENSION_V2.BSP   This product contains an extension
                                     of the Rosetta S/C orbit after end 
                                     of mission in order to have coverage 
                                     until 2017-01-01. The Rosetta S/C 
                                     state vector is constant with 
                                     respect to the Churyumov-Gerasimenko
                                     C-Kernel based frame and is defined 
                                     by the last state vector provided by 
                                     the RORB_DV_257_03___T19_00345.BSP
                                     kernel. 

      SPICE_PHILAE_CFF_SR_V1_1.BSP
      SPICE_PHILAE_CFF_CN_V1_1.BSP
      SPICE_PHILAE_CFF_SONC_V1_1.BSP
      SPICE_PHILAE_CFF_SONC_V2_0.BSP These products contain an extension of
                                     the Rosetta Lander orbit after end of
                                     mission in order to have coverage until
                                     2017-01-01 with a candidate of the final
                                     lander location. The file is generated
                                     using the NAIF utility PINPOINT.


   Rosetta lander SPKs:

      LORB_DV_145_01_______00216.BSP
      LORB_DV_223_01_______00302.BSP 
      LORB_DV_236_01_______00318.BSP
      LORB_DV_145_01___T19_00216.BSP 
      LORB_DV_223_01___T19_00302.BSP 
      LORB_DV_236_01___T19_00318.BSP Contains Rosetta lander ephemeris
                                     for the orbital operations, pre-
                                     and post- landing, based on data
                                     provided by ESOC.

      LORB_SUN_J2000_SDL_V1_1.BSP    This product reconstructs the descend
                                     trajectory of the Rosetta lander as
                                     provided by SONC-FD.

      LORB_SUN_J2000_RBD_1_V1_2.BSP
      LORB_SUN_J2000_RBD_2_V1_2.BSP
      LORB_SUN_J2000_RBD_3_V1_2.BSP
      LORB_SUN_J2000_RBD_4_V1_2.BSP
      LORB_SUN_J2000_RBD_5_V1_2.BSP
      LORB_SUN_J2000_RBD_6_V1_2.BSP  These products reconstruct the rebound
                                     trajectory of the Rosetta lander as
                                     provided by SONC-FD. There are six
                                     candidate trajectories available.

      LORB_C_G_FIXED_RBD_7_V2_0.BSP  This reconstruction of the lander rebound
                                     trajectory is considered by the 7Dwarfs
                                     team - which was commissioned by the
                                     Rosetta Science Working Team - as the to
                                     date most reliable reconstruction. It
                                     superseeds the six SONC-FD candidate
                                     trajectories.

      LORB_ROS_SC_PRESEP_V1_0.BSP    Rosetta Lander Trajectory before the
                                     Lander separation from the Rosetta
                                     Orbiter. The Rosetta Lander is attached
                                     to the Rosetta Orbiter.

   Rosetta Structures and Center of Gravity SPKs:

      ROS_STRUCT_V1.BSP
      ROS_STRUCT_V2.BSP
      ROS_STRUCT_V5.BSP
      ROS_STRUCT_V6.BSP              Contain location of various
                                     Rosetta structures and
                                     instruments. The file with the
                                     latest version supersedes all
                                     previous versions.

      ROS_COG_V4.BSP                 This file contains the location of the
                                     Rosetta Center of Gravity (CoG).


   Rosetta Mission Target SPKs:

      CORB_DV_145_01_______00216.BSP
      CORB_DV_223_01_______00302.BSP 
      CORB_DV_257_02_______00344.BSP 
      CORB_DV_145_01___T19_00216.BSP 
      CORB_DV_223_01___T19_00302.BSP 
      CORB_DV_257_02___T19_00344.BSP
      CORB_DV_257_03___T19_00345.BSP Contain ephemeris for the comet
                                     67P/C-G, based on data provided
                                     by ESOC during orbital operations.
                                     Please note that except for
                                     CORB_DV_257_03___T19_00345.BSP the
                                     rest of the kernels in combination with
                                     their homologue Rosetta Orbit files
                                     (RORB), contain discontinuities for
                                     the spacecraft and the comet orbit;
                                     they are 1 second apart in time
                                     due to a technical detail how the Rosetta
                                     Orbit Determination (OD) system works.
                                     Within this 1 sec the relative orbit
                                     between Rosetta and the comet is
                                     significantly wrong.
                                     CORB_DV_257_03___T19_00345.BSP corrects
                                     these discontinuities but the jumps t
                                     hemselves are still there. With the short
                                     data arcs applicable for OD, there was no
                                     chance to get hold on the so-called comet
                                     non-gravitational acceleration. Hence, in
                                     the short arcs comet OD these were
                                     neglected with the result that in the
                                     next arc, the comet orbit is shifted by
                                     the amount the non-gravitational
                                     acceleration have accumulated.

      ORHW_______________00016.BSP
      ORHW_______________00122.BSP   Contain ephemeris for the comet
                                     67P/C-G, based on data provided
                                     by ESOC during cruise. For the
                                     orbital operations these SPKs are
                                     superseded by CORB_*.BSP files.

      67P_CHURY_GERAS_2004_2016.BSP  Contains ephemeris for the comet
                                     67P/C-G. This file was generated
                                     and provided by NAIF early in the
                                     mission. This file is superseded
                                     by all other 67P/C-G SPKs.

      ORHS_______________00109.BSP   Contains ephemeris for the
                                     asteroid Lutetia, based on data
                                     provided by ESOC. This file
                                     supersedes
                                     21_LUTETIA_2004_2016.BSP for the
                                     Lutetia flyby period.

      21_LUTETIA_2004_2016.BSP       Contains ephemeris for the
                                     asteroid Lutetia. This file was
                                     generated and provided by NAIF
                                     early in the mission.

      ORHO_______________00077.BSP   Contains ephemeris for the
                                     asteroid 2867 Steins, based on
                                     data provided by ESOC. This file
                                     supersedes
                                     2867_STEINS_2004_2016.BSP for the
                                     Steins flyby period.

      2867_STEINS_2004_2016.BSP      Contains ephemeris for the
                                     asteroid 2867 Steins. This file
                                     was generated and provided by NAIF
                                     early in the mission.

      TEMPEL1_9P_DI_P.BSP            Contains ephemeris for the comet
                                     Tempel-1/9P courtesy of Deep
                                     Impact Team. These ephemeris were
                                     compute just before the impact.
                                     Spans from May 2005 to September
                                     2005.

      C2002_T7_LINEAR_HOR_V01.BSP    Contains ephemeris data for the comet
                                     C2002/T7 - LINEAR. Spans from March 2004
                                     to December 2016.

      C2004_Q2_MACHHOLZ_HOR_V01.BSP  Contains ephemeris data for the comet
                                     C2004/Q2 - MACHHOLZ. Spans from
                                     20 January 2005 to 21 January 2005.

      C2010_A2_LINEAR_HOR_V01.BSP    Contains ephemeris data for the comet
                                     C2010/A2 - LINEAR. Spans from March 2004
                                     to December 2016.

      MAR097_030101_170101_V0001.BSP Contains ephemeris data for the Martian
                                     System. Spans from January 2003 to
                                     December 2016.

      VESTA_HOR_V01.BSP              Contains ephemeris data for Vesta. Spans
                                     from March 2004 to December 2016.


   Ground Stations SPKs:

      EARTHSTNS_FX_050714.BSP        Contains locations of NASA DSN
                                     stations. In the interest of
                                     flexibility, in this file the
                                     reference frame is labeled with
                                     the alias 'EARTH_FIXED'. Any
                                     application using this file must
                                     map the alias 'EARTH_FIXED' to
                                     either 'ITR93' or 'IAU_EARTH'. (*)

      EARTHSTNS_ITRF93_050714.BSP    Contains locations of NASA DSN
                                     stations relative to the
                                     terrestrial reference frame
                                     'ITR93'. (*)

      ESTRACK_V01.BSP                Contains  locations of ESA
                                     tracking stations (except for New
                                     Norcia). In the interest of
                                     flexibility, in this file the
                                     reference frame is labeled with
                                     the alias 'EARTH_FIXED'. Any
                                     application using this file must
                                     map the alias 'EARTH_FIXED' to
                                     either 'ITR93' or 'IAU_EARTH'.

      NEW_NORCIA.BSP                 Contains  locations of the ESA
                                     New Norcia station. In the
                                     interest of flexibility, in this
                                     file the reference frame is
                                     labeled with the alias
                                     'EARTH_FIXED'. Any application
                                     using this file must map the
                                     alias 'EARTH_FIXED' to either
                                     'ITR93' or 'IAU_EARTH'.


   Generic SPKs:

      DE405.BSP                      Contains DE405 ephemeris data for
                                     planet barycenters, and for the
                                     Sun, planets and satellites mass
                                     centers. Covers a long enough
                                     period for the Rosetta Mission.

      OUTERPLANETS_V0002.BSP
      OUTERPLANETS_V0003.BSP         Contain ephemeris data for the
                                     solar system outer planets
                                     (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
                                     and Pluto).


   (*) Files EARTHSTNS_FX_050714.BSP and EARTHSTNS_ITRF93_050714.BSP
   contain the same data. These files only differ in that the second
   one use the reference frame 'ITR93' instead of 'EARTH_FIXED'.
   'EARTH_FIXED' alias must be mapped to either 'ITR93' or 'IAU_EARTH'
   before using the file.


Kernel File Details
===================

   The most detailed description of the data in each SPK file is
   provided in metadata included inside the comment area of the file.
   This information can be viewed using utility programs 'commnt' and
   'spacit' included in the SPICE Toolkit.

   At least a basic knowledge of the SPICE system is needed in order to
   use these kernels. The SPICE Toolkit provides versions in Fortran
   (SPICELIB), C (CSPICE), IDL (icy), Matlab (Mice), and Java
   (JNISpice) and the user can choose any one that suits him/her.

   The SPICE routine FURNSH can be used to load a kernel file into a
   SPICE-based application to make kernel data usable with SPICE
   APIs.

   In the case when two or more binary SPK files contain data
   overlapping in time for a given object the file loaded last takes
   precedence.

   Please note that SPKs that contain 'T19' in their filename indicate
   that they are Type 19 SPKs as opposed to type 18. T19 SPKs contain
   the same data as their non-T19 counterparts but they have precedence
   due to computational efficiency (although they require Toolkit version
   N0065 or higher).
